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Half of humanity – 3.5 billion people – lives in cities today
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By 2030, almost 60% of the world’s population will live in urban areas
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95% of urban expansion in the next decades will take place in developing world
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828 million people live in slums today and the number keeps rising
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Cities occupy 3% of the Earth’s land, but account for 60 to 80% of energy consumption and 75% of carbon emissions
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Rapid urbanization is exerting pressure on fresh water supplies, sewage, the living environment, and public health
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But high density of cities can bring efficiency gains and tech innovation while reducing resource and energy consumption
TARGETS AND INDICATORS
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By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums
SC:SH:HO:1C: Informal Settlements
Dimension: Society and Culture
Sub-Dimension: Safety, Housing and Social Inclusion
Type: Core Structural
Definition:
Percentage of city inhabitants living in slums, informal settlements or inadequate housing
Rationale:
The term “informal settlements” has been used to refer to unregulated, illegal and unauthorized construction, arising from the conditions and regulations in different countries, including “spontaneous”, “unplanned”, “unauthorized”, “illegal” or “squatter” settlements. The term “informal” may also be used for settlements of refugees or vulnerable people, overcrowded and dilapidated housing in cities, or slums. The United Nations has used the term “informal settlements” to refer to:
The city shall report households that lack any one of the following five elements:
Sub-Dimension: Safety, Housing and Social Inclusion
Type: Core Structural
Definition:
Percentage of city inhabitants living in slums, informal settlements or inadequate housing
Rationale:
The term “informal settlements” has been used to refer to unregulated, illegal and unauthorized construction, arising from the conditions and regulations in different countries, including “spontaneous”, “unplanned”, “unauthorized”, “illegal” or “squatter” settlements. The term “informal” may also be used for settlements of refugees or vulnerable people, overcrowded and dilapidated housing in cities, or slums. The United Nations has used the term “informal settlements” to refer to:
- residential areas where a group of housing units has been built on land to which the occupants have no legal claim, or which they occupy illegally;
- unplanned settlements where housing is not in compliance with current planning and building regulations (unauthorized housing). (UNECE)
The city shall report households that lack any one of the following five elements:
- Access to basic water (access to sufficient amount of water for family use, at an affordable price, available to household members without being subject to extreme effort)
- Access to basic sanitation (access to an excreta disposal system, either in the form of a private toilet or a public toilet shared with a reasonable number of people)
- Security of tenure (evidence of documentation to prove secure tenure status or de facto or perceived protection from evictions)
- Durability of housing (permanent and adequate structure in non-hazardous location)
- Sufficient living area (not more than two people sharing the same room)
A declining trend and lower values are considered positive.
Source:
UNECE. Formalizing the Informal Challenges and Opportunities of Informal Settlements in South-East Europe. Retrieved from
https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/hlm/documents/Publications/Formalizing_the_Informal_Challenges_and_Opportunities_of_Informal_Settlements_in_South-East_Europe.pdf
Methodology:
Calculate as:
Numerator: Number of people living in slums, informal settlements or inadequate housing Denominator: Total city inhabitants
Multiply by 100
Unit: Percentage
Data Sources:
Data can be collected from municipal planning and housing departments.
Household surveys and citizen/community-run surveys, such as those developed by Slum Dwellers’ International and the Cities Alliance.
SC:SH:HO:2A: Expenditure on Housing
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By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons
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By 2030, enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacity for participatory, integrated and sustainable human settlement planning and management in all countries
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Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage
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By 2030, significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of people affected and substantially decrease the direct economic losses relative to global gross domestic product caused by disasters, including water-related disasters, with a focus on protecting the poor and people in vulnerable situations
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By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management
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By 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in particular for women and children, older persons and persons with disabilities
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Support positive economic, social and environmental links between urban, peri-urban and rural areas by strengthening national and regional development planning
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By 2020, substantially increase the number of cities and human settlements adopting and implementing integrated policies and plans towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and adaptation to climate change, resilience to disasters, and develop and implement, in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, holistic disaster risk management at all levels
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Support least developed countries, including through financial and technical assistance, in building sustainable and resilient buildings utilizing local materials